/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.base;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to {@link Predicate com.google.common.base.Predicate}
 * instances; see that class for information about migrating to {@link java.util.function.Predicate
 * java.util.function}.
 *
 * <p>All methods return serializable predicates as long as they're given serializable parameters.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/FunctionalExplained">the use of {@code Predicate}</a>.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @since 2.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class Predicates {

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that always evaluates to {@code true}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code x -> true}, but note that lambdas do not have
   * human-readable {@link #toString()} representations and are not serializable.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> alwaysTrue() {
    return ObjectPredicate.ALWAYS_TRUE.withNarrowedType();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that always evaluates to {@code false}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code x -> false}, but note that lambdas do not have
   * human-readable {@link #toString()} representations and are not serializable.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> alwaysFalse() {
    return ObjectPredicate.ALWAYS_FALSE.withNarrowedType();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the object reference being tested is
   * null.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using either {@code x -> x == null} or {@code Objects::isNull},
   * but note that lambdas and method references do not have human-readable {@link #toString()}
   * representations and are not serializable.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> isNull() {
    return ObjectPredicate.IS_NULL.withNarrowedType();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the object reference being tested is not
   * null.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using either {@code x -> x != null} or {@code Objects::nonNull},
   * but note that lambdas and method references do not have human-readable {@link #toString()}
   * representations and are not serializable.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> notNull() {
    return ObjectPredicate.NOT_NULL.withNarrowedType();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the given predicate evaluates to {@code
   * false}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code predicate.negate()}.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> not(Predicate<T> predicate) {
    return new NotPredicate<>(predicate);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if each of its components evaluates to
   * {@code true}. The components are evaluated in order, and evaluation will be "short-circuited"
   * as soon as a false predicate is found. It defensively copies the iterable passed in, so future
   * changes to it won't alter the behavior of this predicate. If {@code components} is empty, the
   * returned predicate will always evaluate to {@code true}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code first.and(second).and(third).and(...)}.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> and(
      Iterable<? extends Predicate<? super T>> components) {
    return new AndPredicate<>(defensiveCopy(components));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if each of its components evaluates to
   * {@code true}. The components are evaluated in order, and evaluation will be "short-circuited"
   * as soon as a false predicate is found. It defensively copies the array passed in, so future
   * changes to it won't alter the behavior of this predicate. If {@code components} is empty, the
   * returned predicate will always evaluate to {@code true}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code first.and(second).and(third).and(...)}.
   */
  @SafeVarargs
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T>... components) {
    return new AndPredicate<T>(defensiveCopy(components));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if both of its components evaluate to {@code
   * true}. The components are evaluated in order, and evaluation will be "short-circuited" as soon
   * as a false predicate is found.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code first.and(second)}.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> and(
      Predicate<? super T> first, Predicate<? super T> second) {
    return new AndPredicate<>(asList(checkNotNull(first), checkNotNull(second)));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if any one of its components evaluates to
   * {@code true}. The components are evaluated in order, and evaluation will be "short-circuited"
   * as soon as a true predicate is found. It defensively copies the iterable passed in, so future
   * changes to it won't alter the behavior of this predicate. If {@code components} is empty, the
   * returned predicate will always evaluate to {@code false}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code first.or(second).or(third).or(...)}.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> or(
      Iterable<? extends Predicate<? super T>> components) {
    return new OrPredicate<>(defensiveCopy(components));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if any one of its components evaluates to
   * {@code true}. The components are evaluated in order, and evaluation will be "short-circuited"
   * as soon as a true predicate is found. It defensively copies the array passed in, so future
   * changes to it won't alter the behavior of this predicate. If {@code components} is empty, the
   * returned predicate will always evaluate to {@code false}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code first.or(second).or(third).or(...)}.
   */
  @SafeVarargs
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T>... components) {
    return new OrPredicate<T>(defensiveCopy(components));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if either of its components evaluates to
   * {@code true}. The components are evaluated in order, and evaluation will be "short-circuited"
   * as soon as a true predicate is found.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code first.or(second)}.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> or(
      Predicate<? super T> first, Predicate<? super T> second) {
    return new OrPredicate<>(asList(checkNotNull(first), checkNotNull(second)));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the object being tested {@code equals()}
   * the given target or both are null.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code x -> Objects.equals(x, target)}, but note that
   * lambdas do not have human-readable {@link #toString()} representations and are not
   * serializable.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> equalTo(@ParametricNullness T target) {
    return target == null ? isNull() : new IsEqualToPredicate(target).withNarrowedType();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the object being tested is an instance of
   * the given class. If the object being tested is {@code null} this predicate evaluates to {@code
   * false}.
   *
   * <p>If you want to filter an {@code Iterable} to narrow its type, consider using {@link
   * com.google.common.collect.Iterables#filter(Iterable, Class)} in preference.
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> contrary to the typical assumptions about predicates (as documented at
   * {@link Predicate#apply}), the returned predicate may not be <i>consistent with equals</i>. For
   * example, {@code instanceOf(ArrayList.class)} will yield different results for the two equal
   * instances {@code Lists.newArrayList(1)} and {@code Arrays.asList(1)}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code clazz::isInstance} or {@code x -> x instanceof
   * Clazz}, but note that lambdas do not have human-readable {@link #toString()} representations
   * and are not serializable.
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Class.isInstance
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> instanceOf(Class<?> clazz) {
    return new InstanceOfPredicate<>(clazz);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the class being tested is assignable to
   * (is a subtype of) {@code clazz}. Example:
   *
   * {@snippet :
   * List<Class<?>> classes = Arrays.asList(Object.class, String.class, Number.class, Long.class);
   * return Iterables.filter(classes, subtypeOf(Number.class));
   * }
   *
   * The code above returns an iterable containing {@code Number.class} and {@code Long.class}.
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using {@code clazz::isAssignableFrom} or {@code x ->
   * clazz.isAssignableFrom(x)}, but note that lambdas do not have human-readable {@link
   * #toString()} representations and are not serializable.
   *
   * @since 20.0 (since 10.0 under the incorrect name {@code assignableFrom})
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // Class.isAssignableFrom
  public static Predicate<Class<?>> subtypeOf(Class<?> clazz) {
    return new SubtypeOfPredicate(clazz);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the object reference being tested is a
   * member of the given collection. It does not defensively copy the collection passed in, so
   * future changes to it will alter the behavior of the predicate.
   *
   * <p>This method can technically accept any {@code Collection<?>}, but using a typed collection
   * helps prevent bugs. This approach doesn't block any potential users since it is always possible
   * to use {@code Predicates.<Object>in()}.
   *
   * <p>You may prefer to use a method reference (e.g., {@code target::contains}) instead of this
   * method. However, there are some subtle considerations:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>The {@link Predicate} returned by this method is {@link Serializable}.
   *   <li>The {@link Predicate} returned by this method catches {@link ClassCastException} and
   *       {@link NullPointerException}.
   *   <li>Code that chains multiple predicates together (especially negations) may be more readable
   *       using this method. For example, {@code not(in(target))} is generally more readable than
   *       {@code not(target::contains)}.
   *   <li>This method's name conflicts with Kotlin's {@code in} operator.
   * </ul>
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using either {@code target::contains} or {@code x ->
   * target.contains(x)}, but note that lambdas do not have human-readable {@link #toString()}
   * representations and are not serializable.
   *
   * @param target the collection that may contain the function input
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("NoHardKeywords") // We're stuck with the name for compatibility reasons.
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> in(Collection<? extends T> target) {
    return new InPredicate<>(target);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the composition of a function and a predicate. For every {@code x}, the generated
   * predicate returns {@code predicate(function(x))}.
   *
   * @return the composition of the provided function and predicate
   */
  public static <A extends @Nullable Object, B extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<A> compose(
      Predicate<B> predicate, Function<A, ? extends B> function) {
    return new CompositionPredicate<>(predicate, function);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the {@code CharSequence} being tested
   * contains any match for the given regular expression pattern. The test used is equivalent to
   * {@code Pattern.compile(pattern).matcher(arg).find()}
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
   * @since 3.0
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Only used by other GWT-incompatible code.
  public static Predicate<CharSequence> containsPattern(String pattern) {
    return new ContainsPatternFromStringPredicate(pattern);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a predicate that evaluates to {@code true} if the {@code CharSequence} being tested
   * contains any match for the given regular expression pattern. The test used is equivalent to
   * {@code pattern.matcher(arg).find()}
   *
   * @since 3.0
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.util.regex.Pattern
  public static Predicate<CharSequence> contains(Pattern pattern) {
    return new ContainsPatternPredicate(new JdkPattern(pattern));
  }

  // End public API, begin private implementation classes.

  private enum ObjectPredicate implements Predicate<@Nullable Object> {
    /**
     * @see Predicates#alwaysTrue()
     */
    ALWAYS_TRUE {
      @Override
      public boolean apply(@Nullable Object o) {
        return true;
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
        return "Predicates.alwaysTrue()";
      }
    },
    /**
     * @see Predicates#alwaysFalse()
     */
    ALWAYS_FALSE {
      @Override
      public boolean apply(@Nullable Object o) {
        return false;
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
        return "Predicates.alwaysFalse()";
      }
    },
    /**
     * @see Predicates#isNull()
     */
    IS_NULL {
      @Override
      public boolean apply(@Nullable Object o) {
        return o == null;
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
        return "Predicates.isNull()";
      }
    },
    /**
     * @see Predicates#notNull()
     */
    NOT_NULL {
      @Override
      public boolean apply(@Nullable Object o) {
        return o != null;
      }

      @Override
      public String toString() {
        return "Predicates.notNull()";
      }
    };

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe contravariant cast
    <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> withNarrowedType() {
      return (Predicate<T>) this;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#not(Predicate)
   */
  private static final class NotPredicate<T extends @Nullable Object>
      implements Predicate<T>, Serializable {
    final Predicate<T> predicate;

    NotPredicate(Predicate<T> predicate) {
      this.predicate = checkNotNull(predicate);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(@ParametricNullness T t) {
      return !predicate.apply(t);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return ~predicate.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof NotPredicate) {
        NotPredicate<?> that = (NotPredicate<?>) obj;
        return predicate.equals(that.predicate);
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Predicates.not(" + predicate + ")";
    }

    @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#and(Iterable)
   */
  private static final class AndPredicate<T extends @Nullable Object>
      implements Predicate<T>, Serializable {
    private final List<Predicate<? super T>> components;

    private AndPredicate(List<Predicate<? super T>> components) {
      this.components = components;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(@ParametricNullness T t) {
      // Avoid using the Iterator to avoid generating garbage (issue 820).
      for (int i = 0; i < components.size(); i++) {
        if (!components.get(i).apply(t)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      // add a random number to avoid collisions with OrPredicate
      return components.hashCode() + 0x12472c2c;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof AndPredicate) {
        AndPredicate<?> that = (AndPredicate<?>) obj;
        return components.equals(that.components);
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return toStringHelper("and", components);
    }

    @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#or(Iterable)
   */
  private static final class OrPredicate<T extends @Nullable Object>
      implements Predicate<T>, Serializable {
    private final List<Predicate<? super T>> components;

    private OrPredicate(List<Predicate<? super T>> components) {
      this.components = components;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(@ParametricNullness T t) {
      // Avoid using the Iterator to avoid generating garbage (issue 820).
      for (int i = 0; i < components.size(); i++) {
        if (components.get(i).apply(t)) {
          return true;
        }
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      // add a random number to avoid collisions with AndPredicate
      return components.hashCode() + 0x053c91cf;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof OrPredicate) {
        OrPredicate<?> that = (OrPredicate<?>) obj;
        return components.equals(that.components);
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return toStringHelper("or", components);
    }

    @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  private static String toStringHelper(String methodName, Iterable<?> components) {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Predicates.").append(methodName).append('(');
    boolean first = true;
    for (Object o : components) {
      if (!first) {
        builder.append(',');
      }
      builder.append(o);
      first = false;
    }
    return builder.append(')').toString();
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#equalTo(Object)
   */
  private static final class IsEqualToPredicate
      implements Predicate<@Nullable Object>, Serializable {
    private final Object target;

    private IsEqualToPredicate(Object target) {
      this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(@Nullable Object o) {
      return target.equals(o);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return target.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof IsEqualToPredicate) {
        IsEqualToPredicate that = (IsEqualToPredicate) obj;
        return target.equals(that.target);
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Predicates.equalTo(" + target + ")";
    }

    @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe contravariant cast
    <T extends @Nullable Object> Predicate<T> withNarrowedType() {
      return (Predicate<T>) this;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#instanceOf(Class)
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Class.isInstance
  private static final class InstanceOfPredicate<T extends @Nullable Object>
      implements Predicate<T>, Serializable {
    private final Class<?> clazz;

    private InstanceOfPredicate(Class<?> clazz) {
      this.clazz = checkNotNull(clazz);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(@ParametricNullness T o) {
      return clazz.isInstance(o);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return clazz.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof InstanceOfPredicate) {
        InstanceOfPredicate<?> that = (InstanceOfPredicate<?>) obj;
        return clazz == that.clazz;
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Predicates.instanceOf(" + clazz.getName() + ")";
    }

    @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#subtypeOf(Class)
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // Class.isAssignableFrom
  private static final class SubtypeOfPredicate implements Predicate<Class<?>>, Serializable {
    private final Class<?> clazz;

    private SubtypeOfPredicate(Class<?> clazz) {
      this.clazz = checkNotNull(clazz);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(Class<?> input) {
      return clazz.isAssignableFrom(input);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return clazz.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof SubtypeOfPredicate) {
        SubtypeOfPredicate that = (SubtypeOfPredicate) obj;
        return clazz == that.clazz;
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Predicates.subtypeOf(" + clazz.getName() + ")";
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#in(Collection)
   */
  private static final class InPredicate<T extends @Nullable Object>
      implements Predicate<T>, Serializable {
    private final Collection<?> target;

    private InPredicate(Collection<?> target) {
      this.target = checkNotNull(target);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(@ParametricNullness T t) {
      try {
        return target.contains(t);
      } catch (NullPointerException | ClassCastException e) {
        return false;
      }
    }

    @Override
    /*
     * We should probably not have implemented equals() at all, but given that we did, we can't
     * provide a better implementation than the input Collection, at least without dramatic changes
     * like copying it to a new Set—which might then test for element equality differently.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("UndefinedEquals")
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof InPredicate) {
        InPredicate<?> that = (InPredicate<?>) obj;
        return target.equals(that.target);
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return target.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Predicates.in(" + target + ")";
    }

    @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#compose(Predicate, Function)
   */
  private static final class CompositionPredicate<
          A extends @Nullable Object, B extends @Nullable Object>
      implements Predicate<A>, Serializable {
    final Predicate<B> p;
    final Function<A, ? extends B> f;

    private CompositionPredicate(Predicate<B> p, Function<A, ? extends B> f) {
      this.p = checkNotNull(p);
      this.f = checkNotNull(f);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(@ParametricNullness A a) {
      return p.apply(f.apply(a));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof CompositionPredicate) {
        CompositionPredicate<?, ?> that = (CompositionPredicate<?, ?>) obj;
        return f.equals(that.f) && p.equals(that.p);
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return f.hashCode() ^ p.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      // TODO(cpovirk): maybe make this look like the method call does ("Predicates.compose(...)")
      return p + "(" + f + ")";
    }

    @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#contains(Pattern)
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Only used by other GWT-incompatible code.
  private static class ContainsPatternPredicate implements Predicate<CharSequence>, Serializable {
    final CommonPattern pattern;

    ContainsPatternPredicate(CommonPattern pattern) {
      this.pattern = checkNotNull(pattern);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(CharSequence t) {
      return pattern.matcher(t).find();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      // Pattern uses Object.hashCode, so we have to reach
      // inside to build a hashCode consistent with equals.
      return Objects.hash(pattern.pattern(), pattern.flags());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof ContainsPatternPredicate) {
        ContainsPatternPredicate that = (ContainsPatternPredicate) obj;

        // Pattern uses Object (identity) equality, so we have to reach
        // inside to compare individual fields.
        return Objects.equals(pattern.pattern(), that.pattern.pattern())
            && pattern.flags() == that.pattern.flags();
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      String patternString =
          MoreObjects.toStringHelper(pattern)
              .add("pattern", pattern.pattern())
              .add("pattern.flags", pattern.flags())
              .toString();
      return "Predicates.contains(" + patternString + ")";
    }

    @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * @see Predicates#containsPattern(String)
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Only used by other GWT-incompatible code.
  private static final class ContainsPatternFromStringPredicate extends ContainsPatternPredicate {

    ContainsPatternFromStringPredicate(String string) {
      super(Platform.compilePattern(string));
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Predicates.containsPattern(" + pattern.pattern() + ")";
    }

    @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  private static <T> List<T> defensiveCopy(T[] array) {
    return defensiveCopy(asList(array));
  }

  private static <T> List<T> defensiveCopy(Iterable<? extends T> iterable) {
    ArrayList<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
    for (T element : iterable) {
      list.add(checkNotNull(element));
    }
    return list;
  }

  private Predicates() {}
}